3D Skin Analyser: An Innovative Tool in Cosmetology Diagnostics

With the use of the 3D Skin Analyser, cosmetic treatments gain a new, more precise dimension. This advanced device enables an in-depth assessment of skin conditions, including identifying the causes of inflammation, such as excessive sebum production, mapping melanin distribution, and evaluating the skin barrier conditione. Additionally, the ability to continuously compare treatment outcomes – far more professionally than phone-taken photographs – makes this equipment indispensable in modern cosmetology practice.

Why Choose the 3D Skin Analyser?

Versatility with Eight Light Modules

The 3D Skin Analyser is the only device on the market offering eight different lighting modes, enabling a detailed skin analysis.

Advanced Pigmentation Analysis

Its pigmentation mode allows precise visualisation of melanin distribution, which is crucial for planning therapies to reduce pigmentation issues.

Precise Facial Positioning System

Photos taken from five different angles ensure consistent perspectives, significantly enhancing the accuracy of comparisons before and after treatments.

Real Benefits, Not a Marketing Gimmick

The 3D Skin Analyser is not just a marketing tool or a good-looking piece of equipment – it is a reliable instrument that enhances the quality of a cosmetologist’s work, facilitating personalised treatments and increasing client satisfaction.

Capabilities of the 3D Skin Analyser: Light Modes and Skin Analysis

1. Cross and Parallel Polarisation Improves the visibility of the skin’s structure by suppressing light reflections and enhancing surface details.
2. Texture Mode Highlights wrinkles, pores, scars, and other irregularities in the skin.
3. Pigmentation Mode Displays melanin distribution, revealing hyperpigmentation, melasma, freckles, and vitiligo.
4. Vascular Mode Makes the vascular network, redness, telangiectasia, and inflammation visible, as well as changes typical of rosacea.
5. UV Light Detects bacterial and fungal metabolites as well as sebaceous gland activity, including excessive sebum production.
6. Wood’s Lamp Assesses the depth of pigmentation, skin hydration levels, and the presence of pathogen metabolites, as well as the condition of sebaceous glands.

How Does the Examination Work?

The procedure begins with positioning the client’s face correctly and drawing the privacy curtain. Photographs are then taken from five angles. For optimal results, clients are advised to cleanse their skin 2–4 hours prior to the appointment without applying any cosmetics. If this is not possible, the skin can be cleansed before the procedure. The captured images are stored on the device, allowing the creation of a detailed report and a customised therapy plan – the beauty plan.

Even More Effective Treatments

Comprehensive skin diagnostics, combined with an interview and interpretation of laboratory test results, enable the development of a tailored care plan. Thanks to the 3D Skin Analyser, treatments, supplementation, and daily skincare routines can be precisely customised, significantly increasing the effectiveness of therapies and client satisfaction.

Acne – Causes, Types, and Effective Treatment Methods

Acne is one of the most frequently discussed topics in dermatology and cosmetology. This comes as no surprise, as it affects nearly 80% of the population at various stages of life. However, it’s essential to emphasise that not all skin imperfections equate to acne. Many patients self-diagnose after noticing blemishes, while clinical signs and medical history often point to other skin conditions. Acne is a complex dermatological disease caused by hormonal imbalances, excessive sebum production, and the activity of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. Effective treatment requires a comprehensive and individualised approach.

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Symptoms and Types of Acne

1. Comedones (Blackheads and Whiteheads)

Comedones, also known as blackheads, are characteristic black dots formed by excessive sebum production, which oxidises upon contact with air. When hair follicles become inflamed, papules, pustules, or nodules may develop. If only comedones are present, the condition is classified as comedonal acne.

2. Inflammatory 

These include pustules, papules, nodules, or cysts—raised changes on the skin caused by bacterial activity. The body’s immune response to the infection involves leukocytes gathering at the site, forming pus.

3. Hyperpigmentation and Scarring

Hyperpigmentation results from post-inflammatory changes, often exacerbated by a lack of sun protection during acne treatment. Scarring, caused by improper healing or mechanical manipulation of lesions, occurs due to irregular collagen and elastin fibre reconstruction.

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A Multifaceted Approach to Acne Treatment

Effective acne therapy should address multiple factors, including diet, hormonal balance, home skincare, professional treatments, and support from other specialists.

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1. Diet

Scientific research highlights the link between diet and skin health. Consuming high-glycemic foods, sugar-laden products, and hormone-rich items can aggravate acne by affecting insulin levels and growth hormones. An acne-friendly diet should prioritise:

• Unsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6): Found in nuts, fish, and plant oils.
• Polyphenols: Present in vegetables (e.g., spinach, cabbage) and fruits (e.g., blueberries, apricots).
• Fibre: Derived from whole grains (e.g., oats, rye bran).

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2. Hormonal Regulation

Sebaceous glands, which produce sebum, are susceptible to androgenic hormones like testosterone. Imbalances during puberty or other hormonal shifts can lead to excess sebum and acne formation. Hormonal therapies, such as contraceptives, help balance estrogen and androgen levels, but their use must be preceded by thorough hormonal testing. Overuse can result in long-term health issues, including menstrual irregularities, thyroid conditions, and fertility problems.

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3. Dermatological Treatments

In severe acne cases, oral retinoids regulate sebum production and inflammation. However, their side effects, such as dry mucous membranes, nosebleeds, joint pain, and headaches, should be used only under close medical supervision.

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4. Home Skincare

Daily care for acne-prone skin is crucial for maintaining healthy skin. A specialist should select products to avoid damaging the skin’s hydrolipid barrier, which is a typical result of using improperly chosen „anti-acne” products.

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5. Professional Cosmetological Treatments

Professional therapies offer higher concentrations of active ingredients and deeper penetration than at-home treatments. Commonly used methods include:

• Chemical Peels: Salicylic acid, mandelic acid, azelaic acid.
• Retinol and Vitamin A Derivatives: Stimulate skin regeneration and reduce acne lesions.
• Antioxidant Treatments: Neutralize free radicals caused by inflammation and strengthen blood vessels.
• Barrier Repair Treatments: Use ingredients rich in essential fatty acids (EFAs) and polyhydroxy acids (PHAs), such as gluconolactone and lactobionic acid.

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6. Stress Reduction

Stress triggers hormonal cascades that can exacerbate acne. Collaborating with a psychologist, practising relaxation techniques, and engaging in physical activity can significantly enhance treatment outcomes.

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Conclusion

Acne treatment requires patience, consistency, and a comprehensive strategy. It involves lifestyle adjustments, a suitable diet, carefully curated home skincare routines, and professional dermatological or cosmetological treatments. By adopting a multifaceted approach and working closely with specialists, patients can effectively manage acne, improve their skin’s condition, and boost their confidence.

Key Causes and Supportive Strategies in Acne Therapy

The severity and extent of inflammatory changes in acne are largely influenced by receptors present in sebocytes, the cells responsible for sebum production. In acne, these cells exhibit overgrowth and heightened activity. Various substances, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and histamine, can act as ligands for these receptors, triggering inflammatory processes.

Nutritional components from diet and supplements also play a significant role in these processes. For example, excessive consumption of simple sugars can lead to increased insulin secretion, potentially resulting in insulin resistance, commonly associated with acne. Similar effects are observed with gluten, chocolate, coffee, and highly processed foods rich in histamine. Histamine binding to sebocyte receptors can intensify inflammatory changes. It is evident, therefore, that diet and supplementation significantly impact the progression of acne.

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Selecting Effective Supplements for Acne Therapy

While many supplements are available on the market, it is essential to note that the majority fail to meet expectations. Due to a lack of robust regulatory frameworks, only about 10% of products demonstrate efficacy backed by scientific research and precise production processes. Below is a selection of supplements that may effectively support acne therapy.

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1. Essential Fatty Acids

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids (ALA, EPA, DHA) exhibit anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Supplementation with omega-3s can help reduce sebaceous gland activity, contributing to the alleviation of acne symptoms.

Omega-6 Fatty Acids

Arachidonic acid (AA), a component of omega-6 fatty acids, regulates inflammatory processes. However, maintaining a proper balance between omega-3 and omega-6 is crucial to prevent excessive stimulation of inflammation.

Recommended Supplements:

• NOW Foods
• Jarrow

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2. Vitamin D3

Vitamin D3 regulates inflammatory processes by modulating cytokine activity, thereby reducing the severity of inflammatory reactions. It also supports skin cell differentiation, which helps address issues related to hyperkeratosis.

Recommended Supplements:

• Jarrow D3
• Dr. Jacobs ADEK
• ADEK-Vitum/D-Vitum Forte

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3. Zinc

Zinc inhibits the activity of 5-α-reductase, an enzyme responsible for converting testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which exacerbates acne lesions. It is important to monitor zinc and copper levels during prolonged supplementation to avoid copper deficiency.

Recommended Supplements:

• ForMeds Bicaps Zinc
• Jarrow Zinc Balance (zinc and copper)
• Solgar Nails and Hands (zinc and copper)

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4. Probiotics and Prebiotics

The gut microbiome plays a vital role in skin health. Disruptions to the intestinal barrier can lead to endotoxemia, aggravating skin inflammation. Probiotics help restore microbiome balance, improve gut barrier function, and support the production of antioxidants and essential vitamins.

Recommended Probiotics:

• Jarrow
• Dr. Best Probiotics

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5. Inositols

Inositol, also known as vitamin B8, regulates hormonal balance and improves insulin resistance markers (HOMA-IR), making it particularly beneficial for individuals with hyperandrogenism or PCOS.

Recommended Supplements:

• Aliness Inositol
• Swanson D-chiro-inositol

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6. Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Ingredients

Substances such as NAC, alpha-lipoic acid, lactoferrin, colostrum, and curcumin effectively reduce inflammation and support skin regeneration.

Recommended Supplements:

• Jarrow Lactoferrin
• Solgar NAC
• Genactiv Colostrum

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Conclusion

Supporting acne therapy with appropriate supplementation can significantly enhance treatment outcomes. However, it is crucial to select products with proven efficacy and use them as part of a comprehensive approach that includes diet, skincare, and a healthy lifestyle. By doing so, it is possible to manage acne symptoms and improve overall skin health effectively.

Rosacea is a distinct dermatological condition with a significantly different aetiology from acne vulgaris. Vascular dysfunction plays a key role in its development, often influenced by genetic, immunological, and environmental factors or improper skin care. Early preventive measures can significantly delay or even prevent the onset of the disease.

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Aetiology of Rosacea

Genetic and Vascular Factors

Genetic predisposition to vascular instability can be triggered by external irritants, leading to permanent dilation of blood vessels.

Immune System Dysregulation

Overactivation of TLR receptors releases cathelicidins—antibacterial proteins with pro-inflammatory and vasogenic effects. In rosacea patients, their levels can be up to ten times higher.

Lack of Homeostasis

Hormonal, metabolic, or immunological imbalances increase the skin’s susceptibility to inflammation and the progression of rosacea.

Aggressive Skincare

Excessive cleansing or harsh products, particularly in youth, can weaken the skin’s hydrolipid barrier, making it more sensitive and prone to rosacea.

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Rosacea Prevention

Daily Skincare Routine

• Cleansing: Use gentle, alcohol-free products without fragrances or alkaline soaps.
• Strengthening the Skin Barrier: Opt for skincare with ceramides, essential fatty acids (EFAs), squalane, arnica, or gamma-linolenic acid.
• Sun Protection: Use mineral or mixed sunscreens containing zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.
• Active Ingredients: Include azelaic acid (anti-inflammatory), lactobionic acid (hydrating), and vitamin C (antioxidant).

Lifestyle and Diet Adjustments

• Avoid abrupt temperature changes, saunas, hot baths, and intense physical activity.
• Eliminate foods that exacerbate symptoms, such as red wine, spicy foods, tomatoes, and hot beverages.
• Incorporate anti-inflammatory foods like green tea, kefir, flaxseeds, and berries into your diet.

Collaboration with a Skincare Professional

Implement treatments that support vascular health and strengthen the skin, such as:

• Microneedling/Mesotherapy: Use cocktails with vitamin C, rutin, silicon, and antioxidants.
• Chemical Peels: Include tranexamic acid, ferulic acid, or lactobionic acid.
• Light Therapy: IPL or Sollux lamp with a blue filter can help reduce redness.

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Factors Exacerbating Rosacea

Environmental Pollution and Stress

Chronic stress, lack of sleep, and a diet rich in sugar and spicy foods can exacerbate inflammation and weaken blood vessels.

Underlying Health Conditions

Conditions such as migraines, hypertension, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or other autoimmune diseases increase the likelihood of vascular skin issues. Treatment should include collaboration with healthcare providers and supportive supplementation.

Skin Infections

• Demodex folliculorum: This mite causes redness and scaling. Treatments with sulfur, zinc, or lactoferrin are beneficial.
• Helicobacter pylori: This bacterium can worsen rosacea symptoms. A diet that supports gut microbiota, including yoghurt, kefir, green tea, and cruciferous vegetables, is recommended.

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Conclusion

Preventing rosacea involves anti-inflammatory measures, strengthening the skin barrier, and eliminating exacerbating factors. Effective prevention requires a comprehensive approach, including proper skincare, lifestyle adjustments, and collaboration with specialists. By addressing the root causes early, rosacea development can be avoided, improving the patient’s quality of life.

Retinoids in Cosmetology: Managing Retinoid Reactions and Enhancing Therapy

Retinoids are a cornerstone of cosmetic therapy, addressing issues such as acne, pigmentation, and visible signs of ageing. However, their potent activity can lead to side effects, the most common of which is the retinoid reaction. This unpredictable response, often mistaken for an allergy, is caused by an increased introduction of vitamin A derivatives into the skin. Professional cosmetologists must understand this phenomenon and be prepared to mitigate its effects.

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What is a Retinoid Reaction?

A retinoid reaction manifests as itching, burning, redness, and peeling at the application site. It is more common with stronger compounds like tretinoin and tazarotene than with milder forms such as retinal, retinol, or retinoic aldehyde. This reaction results from the irritant effects of retinoid metabolites, which trigger inflammatory cytokines like IL-1 and TNF-α. Though often referred to as an „allergy” by clients, it is not an allergic response but rather a reaction to vitamin A overload.

The reaction typically occurs a few days after starting a high-concentration retinoid product or undergoing a retinol treatment. Depending on the skin condition and post-treatment care, symptoms usually subside within 5–7 days.

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Reducing the Risk of Retinoid Reactions

While retinoid reactions cannot be entirely avoided, careful planning and management can significantly lower the risk:

1. Progressive Introduction of Retinoids
   Start with low concentrations and mild forms, such as retinal (0.05–0.1%), before advancing to more active formulations like retinol (0.5%, 1%, 2%). Gradual acclimatisation reduces sensitivity. Avoid high-concentration retinol treatments without prior home-care introduction.
2. Strengthening the Skin Barrier
   Use moisturising and nourishing products containing ceramides, hyaluronic acid, or vitamin E. These help maintain the skin’s protective barrier, reducing irritation risk. For sensitive skin, apply a moisturiser over the retinoid product following a routine: cleanse – serum – retinoid – moisturiser.
3. Avoiding Chemical Peels and Acids
   Refrain from chemical peels or acid-based products for 3–4 weeks before retinol treatments, especially with high concentrations (4–6%), as these increase sensitivity by promoting cell renewal.
4. Zinc Supplementation
   Retinoid conversion in the skin relies on the enzyme RDH dehydrogenase, which requires zinc. Supplementing zinc for 2–4 months can enhance the skin’s retinoid tolerance.
5. Stress Management
   Avoid retinoid treatments during periods of high stress, as cortisol disrupts skin function. Introduce retinoids cautiously in such cases.

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Managing a Retinoid Reaction

If a reaction occurs, focus on soothing the skin and reducing discomfort. Recommended interventions include:

• Cica Creams
  Centella Asiatica is a natural ingredient in products like Avene Cicalfate, La Roche-Posay Cicaplast, and Bioderma Cicabio. It calms inflammation and accelerates healing. Apply it frequently, up to 5–6 times daily.
• Thermal Water
  Rich in healing minerals, thermal water sprays relieve irritated, peeling skin.
• Hydrocortisone Creams
  For severe reactions, low-strength hydrocortisone creams can provide anti-inflammatory relief.
• Antihistamines
  Itching can be alleviated with antihistamines, such as quercetin or black seed oil, for natural options.

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Conclusion

Retinoids are highly effective in cosmetology and dermatology but can cause side effects like retinoid reactions. These reactions are usually short-lived, and their severity can be minimised with proper preparation and care. By gradually introducing retinoids, maintaining the skin barrier, and avoiding sensitising treatments, professionals can enhance the safety and success of retinoid-based therapies.

Thyroid Disorders and Skin Health

Thyroid diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent, and cosmetologists frequently encounter clients with conditions such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune thyroid diseases, with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis being the most common. Hormonal changes caused by thyroid dysfunction significantly impact skin health. Understanding the role of thyroid hormones in skin function and tailoring skincare recommendations for affected patients is essential.

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Thyroid Hormones and Skin Health

The pituitary gland regulates thyroid hormone production by secreting TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone). TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce two key hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). T3, the primary active thyroid hormone, regulates cellular metabolism, mitochondrial function, and energy production through ATP.

• Hyperthyroidism: Accelerated metabolism boosts fibroblast activity, increasing collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid production. However, excessive mitochondrial activity generates higher free radicals, leading to accelerated skin ageing.
• Hypothyroidism: Slowed metabolism results in reduced production of collagen, elastin, hyaluronic acid, and keratin. This manifests as dry, less elastic skin, deeper wrinkles, and sometimes hyperpigmentation due to increased melanin production as a compensatory mechanism.

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Working with Clients with Thyroid Disorders

Laboratory diagnostics involving TSH, FT3, and FT4 measurements confirm thyroid dysfunction. Clients diagnosed with thyroid conditions should be under the care of an endocrinologist.

• Clients undergoing pharmacological treatment: Medication can often stabilise thyroid function and alleviate hormonal symptoms, but some symptoms, especially in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, may persist despite treatment.
• Newly diagnosed cases: Careful planning of cosmetic treatments is crucial for clients with recently diagnosed thyroid conditions.

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Cosmetic Therapy for Thyroid Disorders

Pharmacological treatment for hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism does not contraindicate cosmetic procedures. However, clients with newly diagnosed conditions or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis require particular attention.

For Hyperthyroidism:

Avoid stimulating procedures such as low-molecular-weight chemical peels, microneedling, or laser therapy. Incorporate the following into treatments and at-home care:

• Vitamin A derivatives regulate skin processes.
• Antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, ferulic acid, and coenzyme Q10 neutralise free radicals.

Focus on replenishing components essential for hydration and skin protection:

• Ceramides, sterols, and urea rebuild the skin’s intercellular cement.
• Hyaluronic acid to improve hydration and elasticity.

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Conclusion

Thyroid disorders significantly impact skin health, necessitating an individualised approach to skincare. Clients with hormonal imbalances should be under endocrinological care, while cosmetologists can support treatment with tailored procedures and skincare recommendations. The key is adapting treatments to the client’s Health and skin needs to enhance appearance and function.

Skin ageing is a common concern for patients in cosmetic clinics. Wrinkles, fine lines, loss of firmness, and uneven skin tone drive many individuals to seek effective solutions. While there is no shortage of anti-ageing treatments and skincare products on the market, choosing the right approach can feel overwhelming. To make informed decisions, it is crucial to understand what skin ageing entails, the underlying processes, and how to effectively slow its visible effects.

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What is Skin Ageing?

Skin ageing is a natural process that affects the entire body, including the skin. It manifests as reduced regenerative capacity, loss of elasticity, dehydration, and deepening wrinkles. While ageing cannot be halted entirely, its progression can be significantly delayed through proper skin care, a healthy lifestyle, and targeted cosmetic treatments.

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Causes of Skin Ageing

Intrinsic Factors

• Genetics: Inherited predispositions play a significant role.
• Natural ageing process: Gradual loss of skin function over time.
• Decreased production of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid: These key components maintain the skin’s structure and hydration.

Extrinsic Factors

• UV radiation: The primary external cause of premature skin ageing.
• Environmental pollution: Damages skin’s barrier and accelerates ageing.
• Inadequate skin care: Over-cleansing, insufficient moisturisation, or lack of UV protection.
• Stress, lack of sleep, and poor diet: Lifestyle factors that exacerbate skin damage.

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Goals of Anti-Ageing Treatments and Skincare

Effective anti-ageing strategies aim to achieve the following:

• Smooth and reduce wrinkles.
• Improve skin firmness and elasticity.
• Hydrate and replenish the skin.
• Even out skin tone and reduce pigmentation.
• Strengthen blood vessels and minimise redness.

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Key Approaches to Combating Skin Ageing

1. Stimulating Skin Renewal

Promoting the production of new skin cells enhances regeneration, hydration, and pigmentation reduction. This process often involves removing dead skin cells and improving skin texture and tone. However, excessive stimulation—especially from intensive treatments—can accelerate ageing by depleting the skin’s ability to regenerate in the future.

Stimulating Treatments

• Laser procedures: Including fractional laser and IPL.
• Microneedling therapy: Boosts skin regeneration through controlled micro-injuries.
• Retinol-based treatments: Increases cell turnover.
• Deep chemical peels: Such as TCA or glycolic acid peels.
• Dermal fillers, PDO threads, and RF microneedling: Support tissue regeneration and volume.

Active Ingredients for Stimulation

• Vitamin A and derivatives: Retinol and retinoic acid.
• AHA and BHA acids: In higher concentrations for deep exfoliation.

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2. Repairing Skin Damage

Repair-focused treatments aim to restore cell function and mitigate damage caused by free radicals and external factors. This involves enhancing mitochondrial activity, supporting the production of key proteins like collagen, and rebuilding the lipid barrier to maintain hydration and resilience.

Repair Treatments

• Antioxidant therapies: Delivered through targeted serums or treatments.
• Needle mesotherapy: Delivers high-quality active ingredients directly to the skin.
• SKIN BOOSTER
• DERMAL FILLER
• THREADS PDO
• PLASMA FILLER

Active Ingredients for Repair

• Antioxidants: Vitamin C, E, and ferulic acid combat oxidative stress.
• Enzymes, Such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, repair oxidative damage.
• Trace elements: Selenium, copper, and iron, essential for collagen synthesis.
• Peptides and coenzyme Q10: Support cellular energy and protein production.
• PHA acids: Gluconolactone and lactobionic acid to improve hydration and glycosaminoglycan levels.
• UV filters: Crucial for preventing further damage and protecting against photo-ageing.

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The Importance of a Healthy Lifestyle

Treatments and skincare products are most effective when combined with a healthy lifestyle. Key practices include:

• A balanced, antioxidant-rich diet: Promotes overall skin health.
• Regular physical activity: Enhances circulation and supports detoxification.
• Stress management and adequate sleep: Reduce stress hormones that damage the skin.
• Consistent sun protection: Shields against the harmful effects of UV radiation.

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Conclusion

Skin ageing is natural and inevitable, but its visible signs can be effectively delayed. Combining stimulating and repair-focused treatments, thoughtful skincare routines, and a healthy lifestyle can help preserve youthful, radiant skin for longer. The key lies in moderation, a personalised approach, and starting preventative care early. Remember, the best results come from a commitment to short-term care and long-term habits.

Exfoliation – A Key Step in Skincare

Skincare is much more than simply nourishing and hydrating your skin. Diet, physical activity, overall health, and stress influence its condition. Regular exfoliation is one of the most important yet often overlooked steps in skincare. This process removes dead skin cells, stimulates regeneration, delays ageing, and, with advanced products, can even reverse some of its effects.

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Why is Exfoliation Important?

Exfoliation restores the skin’s healthy appearance, smoothness, and radiance by removing dead cells from the skin’s surface. This process:

• Stimulates cell renewal, aiding skin regeneration.
• Delays ageing, improving the skin’s elasticity and texture.
• Enhances the effectiveness of skincare products by allowing active ingredients to penetrate deeper.
• Evens out tone and texture, speeding up natural repair processes.

Regular exfoliation tailored to your skin type can significantly improve health and appearance.

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Types of Exfoliation

At-Home Care

1. Enzymatic Peels
   Perfect for sensitive skin. Enzymes like papain and bromelain dissolve dead skin cells gently.
2. Mechanical (Granular) Peels
   Scrubs with fine particles remove dead skin but require caution to avoid irritation, especially for sensitive or rosacea-prone skin.
3. Exfoliating Toners
   Products containing low concentrations of acids, such as salicylic, glycolic, or retinol, can be used daily. They are easy to apply and reduce pore size and blackheads while improving skin firmness.

Professional Care

1. Chemical Peels (Acids)
   Tailored acid treatments provide deep exfoliation suited to specific skin concerns. Autumn is the ideal time for such procedures.
2. Mechanical Exfoliation
   Methods like microdermabrasion and dermabrasion effectively address scars or more resistant skin. Combining mechanical and chemical techniques often yields the best results.

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How to Incorporate Exfoliation into Your Routine

Introducing exfoliation into your routine requires caution and gradual product use to prevent irritation:

• Exfoliating Toners: Start using them once daily, 3–4 times a week. After a few weeks, depending on skin tolerance, gradually increase to twice daily.
• Enzymatic Peels: Use face masks weekly or before to enhance active ingredient absorption.
• Acids: Select the appropriate acid for your skin type and gradually increase usage frequency under professional guidance.

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Conclusion

Regular exfoliation is a cornerstone of healthy and radiant skin. Carefully chosen methods can provide lasting benefits, ranging from gentle enzymatic peels to advanced professional treatments. Regardless of your skin type, integrating exfoliation into your routine will help maintain a youthful appearance and maximise the effectiveness of your skincare. Remember, moderation and consistency are key to achieving glowing, healthy skin.

Safe Skincare and Cosmetic Treatments

Hormones such as oestrogen, progesterone, and prolactin influence the skin’s changes during pregnancy. Increased oestrogen improves hydration and skin firmness, while prolactin may lead to excess oil production and inflammation. Additionally, melanotropin raises the risk of hyperpigmentation. Skincare routines should address these hormonal changes and meet the skin’s needs.

Safe Cosmetic Treatments

Safe treatments during pregnancy include those targeting the surface of the skin, such as:

• Chemical Peels: Azelaic, mandelic, citric, and lactic acid peels (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and hydrating effects).
• White Cosmetics: Masks containing algae, clays, ceramides, and antioxidants (vitamin C, E, resveratrol).

Treatments like microneedling, ultrasound, lasers, and retinoid-based products are contraindicated due to potential risks to the foetus.

At-Home Skincare Routine

At-home skincare goals during pregnancy are hydration, nourishment, and protection against hyperpigmentation.

Morning Routine:

1. Cleansing foam.
2. Serum with vitamin C and ferulic acid.
3. SPF 50 moisturiser.

Evening Routine:

1. Cleansing oil for makeup removal.
2. Gentle cleansing gel.
3. Moisturising cream and eye cream.

Additional Care:

• Enzymatic peel.
• Masks with ceramides, aloe vera, avocado, or green tea.
• Eye patches with vitamin C.

Conclusion

Pregnancy skincare should be gentle, effective, and safe. Key focuses include hydration, nourishment, and protection from pigmentation, accounting for hormonal changes. Choose treatments and products that act on the skin’s surface without affecting the development of the fetus.

5 Main Causes of Hair Loss

Hair naturally goes through cycles of growth, shedding, and regrowth, ideally ensuring a full head of hair for many years. However, various physical, chemical, and physiological factors can disrupt this process, leading to hair loss—a common issue affecting both women and men.

Common Causes of Hair Loss

1. Thyroid Problems
   Thyroid hormones, particularly T3, play a significant role in hair growth. Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid inflammation (e.g., Hashimoto’s disease) can disrupt the hair growth cycle, shortening the anagen phase and prolonging the telogen phase.
2. Anaemia
   Iron, ferritin, vitamin B12, copper, or folic acid deficiency limit the supply of nutrients to hair follicles, impeding their regeneration and growth.
3. Food Intolerances
   Chronic food intolerances can trigger prolonged inflammation, potentially leading to autoimmune conditions. These disorders may cause the immune system to attack hair follicles, resulting in hair loss.
4. Stress
   Chronic stress—whether emotional or related to an unhealthy lifestyle (e.g., poor diet, smoking, lack of sleep)—weakens keratinocytes, the cells essential for hair structure, and increases hair shedding.
5. Chemical Damage
   Hair colouring, heat styling, and harsh haircare products can damage the scalp and hair follicles. Weakly anchored hair bulbs become incapable of proper attachment, ultimately causing hair to fall out.

The Key to Addressing Hair Loss

Long-term success in combating hair loss requires a root-cause approach. Identifying the underlying issue and implementing targeted treatment—including dietary adjustments, scalp care, and stress management—is essential. Treating symptoms can delay effective therapy and reduce the likelihood of restoring healthy hair.

Telogen Hair Loss in Women – How to Identify and Treat It Effectively?

It starts with stray hairs on the floor, in the bathroom, or on your brush. Over time, the amount increases, and the thinning on your scalp becomes more noticeable. While your hair may never have been exceptionally thick, it was enough to style as you liked. In desperation, you turn to various remedies: vitamin supplements, scalp serums, or herbal infusions like nettle and horsetail. Weeks pass with no improvement. Hair continues to fall out, and the issue becomes increasingly distressing. If this sounds familiar, you might be experiencing telogen hair loss.

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What is Telogen Hair Loss?

Hair grows in cycles, comprising three distinct phases:

• Anagen – The growth phase (80% of hair, lasting about 4 years).
• Catagen – The transition phase (lasting around 2 weeks, involving a small percentage of hair).
• Telogen – The resting phase (about 20% of hair). During this phase, hair is no longer nourished, becoming dead and eventually falling out as part of a natural process.

Telogen hair loss occurs when the balance between anagen and telogen phases is disrupted, causing an abnormal number of hairs to enter the resting phase prematurely.

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Causes of Telogen Hair Loss

1. Chronic Stress
   Prolonged emotional stress disrupts the hair growth cycle.
2. Pregnancy
   Postpartum hair loss is a classic example of telogen hair loss, typically starting a few months after childbirth.
3. Fever-Associated Illnesses
   Conditions involving high fever can trigger hair loss.
4. Surgical Procedures
   Surgeries place significant stress on the body, potentially affecting hair growth cycles.
5. Medication Use
   Drugs like anticoagulants and beta-blockers can lead to hair shedding.
6. Discontinuing Hormonal Contraceptives
   Abrupt hormonal changes impact hair follicles.

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How to Identify Telogen Hair Loss?

Unlike androgenetic alopecia, where hair loss is concentrated at the crown and temples, telogen hair loss results in diffuse thinning across the entire scalp. Hair becomes fragile and quickly sheds when gently pulled. Under a microscope, thinning and keratinisation of the hair shaft are often evident.

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Treating Telogen Hair Loss

Effective treatment requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the underlying cause and promotes hair follicle regeneration.

1. Trichological Treatments

The most effective methods include MEOTHERAPY and microneedling mesotherapy. Injecting active substances stimulates hair follicle repair and encourages the production of new hair.

2. Home Care

Daily scalp care is essential—products that regenerate and stimulate circulation, such as those containing formic acid, support follicle nourishment.

3. Supplementation

Supplements rich in biotin, zinc, B vitamins, and D3 directly benefit hair follicle health, accelerating recovery.

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Conclusion

Telogen hair loss is the most common form of hair loss in women. Effectively treating it requires a holistic strategy: identifying the root cause, incorporating appropriate trichological treatments, maintaining a consistent home care routine, and using targeted supplementation. While the journey to regaining thick, healthy hair takes time and patience, the results can be transformative, improving your appearance, confidence, and well-being. The fight for beautiful hair is well worth the effort!

Androgenic Hair Loss – Causes, Progression, and Effective Treatment Methods

Androgenic hair loss, also known as male pattern baldness, is one of the most common issues affecting both men and women, especially after the age of 30. Typical symptoms include hair thinning at the crown and receding hairlines, commonly called „widow’s peaks.” A lack of early diagnosis and treatment can lead to rapid hair loss, impacting appearance, self-esteem, and confidence. Trichological therapy promotes hair regeneration and contributes to improved mental well-being.

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The Hair Growth Cycle

Effective treatment of hair loss begins with understanding the physiology of hair growth. The hair growth cycle consists of three phases:

• Anagen – The growth phase, during which approximately 80% of the hair is actively growing. This phase lasts between 4 and 7 years.
• Catagen – The transitional phase, lasting about 2 weeks, where hair follicles shrink and growth slows down.
• Telogen – The resting phase, during which hair detaches and falls out. Around 20% of hair is in this phase at any given time.

Each hair follicle can undergo several such cycles throughout a lifetime. Hair loss occurs when the balance between anagen and telogen phases is disrupted. Hormones play a key role in regulating this cycle, with estrogens promoting hair growth and androgens inhibiting it.

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The Role of Androgens in Hair Follicles

Androgens, although primarily associated with men, are also present in women. The key hormone implicated in hair loss is dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a derivative of testosterone. DHT binds to receptors in hair follicles, causing their miniaturisation. As a result, hair becomes thinner, weaker, and falls out. The highest concentration of androgen receptors is found on the crown and frontal scalp, explaining the characteristic pattern of male baldness. Interestingly, while androgens suppress hair growth on the scalp, they stimulate it in other body areas.

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Treatment of Androgenic Hair Loss

Managing androgenic hair loss requires a comprehensive approach. A successful treatment plan should include:

1. Dietary changes – Incorporating foods rich in nutrients that support hair health.
2. Stress management – Chronic emotional stress exacerbates hair loss.
3. Hormonal regulation – Hormone therapy may be beneficial in some instances.
4. Professional trichological care – Targeted salon treatments supply building blocks for hair growth and mitigate androgen effects.

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Effective Trichological Treatments

Trichological interventions start with a detailed consultation and scalp examination using a microscope to assess the number of active hair follicles. Depending on the condition of the scalp and hair, appropriate treatments are implemented, such as:

• Microneedling Mesotherapy – This treatment involves injecting active ingredients, such as vitamins, trace elements, and botanical extracts, directly into the scalp to nourish follicles and stimulate hair regrowth.

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Conclusion

Androgenic hair loss is complex, but early intervention through a multi-faceted approach can yield significant results. Combining trichological treatments, lifestyle changes, and personalised care plans can halt hair loss and promote regrowth. This ensures patients enjoy healthier, thicker hair and improved quality of life.

Scalp Care – The Key to Healthy Hair

When thinking about skincare, we usually focus on the face and body, often neglecting the scalp. The scalp only gets attention when issues like excessive oiliness, dandruff, or hair loss arise. Unfortunately, comprehensive scalp care is not yet a standard practice, even though regular cleansing, maintaining proper pH, and supporting follicle health could prevent many problems. Caring for your scalp, like your face, should be integral to your overall self-care routine.

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Why Should You Care for Your Scalp?

The health of your scalp largely influences the appearance and condition of your hair. Proper follicular care supports hair health by:

• Deep cleansing, removing impurities and excess sebum.
• Regulating sebaceous gland activity, preventing excessive oiliness.
• Stimulating cell turnover, accelerating skin regeneration.
• Preventing keratin build-up and clogged follicles, which can lead to hair loss.

Proper scalp care isn’t just a solution for existing problems—it’s also an effective preventive measure for maintaining healthy hair.

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Essential Products for Scalp Care

Enzymatic or Acidic Peeling

Peeling is often overlooked in scalp care but plays a vital role in maintaining scalp health. Regular exfoliation removes dead skin cells, which:

• Enhances the effectiveness of other hair care products.
• Reduces the risk of clogged follicles.
• Promotes skin regeneration and controls bacterial growth.

Choose enzymatic or acidic peels that gently dissolve dead skin cells and sebum. Avoid mechanical scrubs, especially DIY recipes using coffee or oils, as they irritate the scalp or cause infections.

Shampoo

Shampoo is a fundamental product in scalp care. Opt for shampoos that:

• Thoroughly cleanse the scalp of impurities and sebum.
• Maintain the scalp’s natural low pH level.

Drugstore shampoos often prioritise cosmetic benefits like shine and volume over scalp health. Choose products that prepare the scalp to apply active ingredients for adequate care.

Masks and Conditioners for the Scalp

Using masks and conditioners specifically designed for the scalp supports hydration and regeneration. These products:

• Regulate cellular processes.
• Hydrate and strengthen the skin’s protective barrier.
• Do not weigh down hair when used correctly.

Unlike traditional hair conditioners, which are meant for the hair shaft, these products are applied directly to the scalp.

Ampoules, Lotions, and Scalp Treatments

Specialised products, such as ampoules and scalp treatments, are formulated to address specific issues, such as dandruff, excess oil, or hair loss. As needed, these should be used periodically to target particular concerns effectively.

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Active Ingredients to Look for in Scalp Care Products

• Probiotics and Vitamins (A, E, K, D3, B, H).
• Botanical Extracts (peppermint, nettle, horsetail, rosemary, chestnut).
• Growth Factors, Peptides, Micronutrients (silicon, zinc, copper).
• Urea, Ceramides – for hydration and regeneration.

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Diet and Lifestyle

Like any other body part, the scalp relies on proper nutrition. A balanced diet of vitamins (D3, A, E, biotin) and minerals (silicon, zinc) is essential for scalp and hair health. Gut health also plays a critical role—imbalances in gut flora can contribute to issues like dandruff, seborrhea, and other scalp conditions.

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Professional Scalp Care

Psychological treatments like micro-needling and mesotherapy can improve scalp health and prevent hair thinning or psoriasis. Additionally, scalp massages, performed two to three times a week, enhance blood circulation and deliver nutrients, growth factors, and hormones to hair follicles, supporting their function.

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Conclusion

The health of your scalp is the foundation of beautiful hair. Regular care with suitable products, a balanced diet, and a healthy lifestyle significantly improve the condition of your scalp and hair. Caring for your scalp is not just about solving existing problems but also about investing in its long-term health and appearance of your hair.